Dundgovi aimag borders with Uvurkhangai, Umnugovi, Tuv and Dornogovi aimags. From the northern point Khar Tolgoi Hill to southern point Uvurtsagaan Ders is 280km, from the western point Dulaan Mountain to eastern point Khukh Del Hillock is 425km. The highest elevation of the steppe is at 1,530m above sea level, lowest is 980m and the highest mountain Delgerkhangai is at 1,913m above sea level. This region is rich with mineral resources. 33 kinds of minerals such as coal, spar, tin, zinc, alebaster, iron, gold, silver, uranium, natural coloration and 81 mine sites, 140 deposits have been explored and studied.

The aimag's climate is divided into a few categories. First, is mountain and steppe dry, cold climate mostly observed in the northern parts of Erdenedalai, Adaatsag, Delgertsogt, Deren. Second, extremely dry, warmish dessert like steppe climate that is observed in Delgerkhangai, Khuld, Luus, Gurvansaikhan, Saikhan-Ovoo, Saintsagaan, Govi-Ugtaal, Tsagaandelger, Bayanjargal sums and northern parts of Undurshil Sum. Third, extremely dry, warm desert like steppe climate observed in Delgerkhangai, Khuld, Ulziit sums and southern parts of Gurvansaikhan Sum. Average annual air temperature of southern region is 2 - 4°C, northern region is 0 - (-2)°C. The temperature has been raised up to 2,5 - 3,7°C in the last three years which is comparatively higher than the average. About 100-120 days of the year is cloudless and sun shines for approximately 3,000 hours in a single year.
The region lacks in moisture, annual precipitation of the southern region was 200-250mm, central region 150-200mm, northern region 100-150mm from 20 years now, but the annual precipitation decreased to 80-110mm in these years. The surface alltitude throughout the region is relatively even, therefore the aimag is considered as windy region and the speed of winds is 3-5m/sec, yet it has increased to 4-6m/sec for the last few years and the number of days with heavy snow falls, storms with up to 12m/sec strong wind have increased. The highest recorded wind speed is as 40m/sec.

Northern part of the region belongs to dry zone and southern part belongs to desert zone. In the northern and central parts the soil consists of dark, fair umber soil and the southern part consists of Gobi-gray soil. The land surface is dominated with small hillocks and mounds that are formed with a mix of carbon brown, light brown and salty soil. The southern part of the aimag has sandy deserts and valleys.

Annual precipitation of Dundgovi Aimag is relatively low, underground water resource is limited, natural poise is unstable, mineralization and hardness of the water is high. In all seasons, the aimag is nourished by its underground water as there are no permanent lakes and very few springs and wells that are nourished by rainfall. In recent years 44km long Ongi River that flows through Delgerkhangai, Saikhan-Ovoo sums is breaching due to gold mines operation at the fount of the river. Total reserve of the surface water is 0,005km³/year, useable reserve is not yet determined, underground water reserve is 0,12km³/year and 0,06km³/year of it is consumable. Several springs such as Togoogiin, Duuren Kharganyn and Olgoi Lake exist in the aimag.

In the hinder and central parts of the region wild herbacious plants are commonly found. In the onward territories mostly Gobi vegetation dominates the area. There are many woody plants like wormwood, sagebrush, agropyron, wild leek, Mongolian sort of onion, cleistogenes, shrubberry, straw, tumbleweed, goosefoot, nettle, artemisia pectinata, caragana, caragana microphylla, caragana spinosa, saksaul are widely found. Also, highly nutricious and piquant plants such as salsola passerina, reaumuria, liquorice, cynanchum grow in this region.

In accordance with the regions geographical and environmental features, many diverse species inhabit in the region. For example, fox, wolf, corsac, marmot, hare, bat, pallas's cat, badger, wild sheep, mountain goat, antelope and black tailed gazelle. Numerious birds such as sparrows, doves, bustards, sandgrouses, cranes, vultures, eagles, falcons, hoopoes and owls are found in this region.

Numerious significant historical and cultural sites like deer stone monument, Uguudei Khaan's winter quarters, Khunnu tombs at Zambaga Khairkhan Mountain, the ruins of city with porcelain tiled houses belonging to mid centuries that are found in Saikhan-Ovoo Sum, remains of a homesteads at Yarkh Mountain belonging to late stone age, remains of a bronze age workshop found in Gurvansaikhan Sum, a place where Uguudei Khaan departed this life, autumn quarters of the emperors at Sum Khukh Burd in Adaatsag Sum, petroglyphs at Del Mountain, Buddhist philosophy school and temple in Ulziit Sum, Sangiin Dalai Temple, rectangular and round burial sites of Erdenedalai Sum, ancient forts gives us an unalterable evidence that human biengs inhabitted the area for thousands and thousands of years. Also, Dundgovi is well known for its beautifull scienic places. For example interesting fissures like Tsagaan Suvraga known as a White Stupa, Morin Tolgoi which are formed due to the erosion of sedimentary mud in the sea bottom, Uush sand dunes, Ikh Gazaryn Chuluu, Baga Gazaryn Chuluu granite rock mountains, saksaul and elm forests and scenic places as Oldokh, Gurvan Tugrug, Ergeneg, Khaya, Nemnee, Nomgon, Khairkhan, Zagiin Us. Zagiin Us the broad valley with saksaul forest is registered as a state protected area. Over 10 scenic places from above like Ikh Gazaryn Chuluu, Baga Gazaryn Chuluu which are abundant with many rare species, peculiar formations of Uush dunes and Tsagaan Suvraga (Stupa), cultural and historically significant sites as Sum Khukh Burd, Ongiin monastery are listed in the aimag's protected area list.